Visible light is an
electromagnetic wave, consisting of oscillating
electric and
magnetic fields traveling through space. The
frequency of the wave determines its color: 4×1014
Hz is red light, 8×1014 Hz is violet light, and between these (in the range 4-8×1014 Hz) are all the other colors of the
rainbow. An electromagnetic wave can have a
frequency less than 4×1014 Hz, but it will be invisible to the human eye; such waves are called
infrared (IR) radiation. At even
lower frequency, the wave is called a
microwave, and at still
lower frequencies it is called a
radio wave. Likewise, an electromagnetic wave can have a
frequency higher than 8×1014 Hz, but it will be invisible to the human eye; such waves are called
ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Even
higher-frequency waves are called
X-rays, and higher still are
gamma rays.
All of these waves, from the lowest-frequency radio waves to the highest-frequency gamma rays, are fundamentally the same, and they are all called
electromagnetic radiation. They all travel through a vacuum at the same speed (the
speed of light), giving them
wavelengths inversely proportional to their frequencies.
where
c is the speed of light (
c in a vacuum, or less in other media),
f is the frequency and λ is the wavelength.
In
dispersive media, such as glass, the speed depends somewhat on frequency, so the wavelength is not quite inversely proportional to frequency