Your question is incredibly vague, but I'll operate under some assumptions.
I hope you're asking about comparing m.2 speeds to SATA speeds. If so, then yes, you would likely you would see significant boosts to storage throughput. Will this speed up whatever you're doing? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
I'm also going to assume whatever drives you're thinking of purchasing are made by a reputable manufacturer that will achieve respectable read and write speeds. Be careful, there's some real garbage on the market.
I have two 15" MBPs that I regularly use, and one Intel SkullCanyon NUC. One is a 2012, and the other a late 2016 touch bar model.
The 2012 MBP has a 500GB Samsung 850 EVO SSD. macOS 10.12
The SkullCanyon has a 500GB Samsung 960 PRO m.2 SSD - Ubuntu 16.04
The 2016 MBP has whatever PCIe drive Apple puts in it - macOS 10.12
Read/Write speeds (Megabytes per second):
Samsung 850 EVO: 450/390
Samsung 960 PRO: 1100/1200
Apple PCIe SSD: 2020/1925
Also, bear in mind, SATA III's maximum throughput is around 600 MB/s, so the results yielded by the 850 EVO are about as good as they could ever be. Both m.2 and PCIe can be as high as 4.0GB/s depending on which version of the spec they follow.
So, based on my results, and what we know about the SATA and PCIe/m.2 standards, we can say with absolute certainty that an m.2 SSD will greatly outperform a SATA SSD.