The photo library format is vastly changed in Catalina, so Mojave won't be able to open it. You'll have to restore a pre-upgrade version of your library from backup.
EDIT: There's actually one change I don't care for; instead of the nice well organized "Masters" directory, with a directory for each year, month, day, etc...we just have an "Originals" directory containing hex-named folders and the photo filenames are renamed to UUIDs.
While I can see this being good for performance, it makes accessing the data outside the Photos app more difficult and convoluted.