I logged in to my Google account from the YouTube app on my new iPhone and navigated to “Manage your Google Account” from the app’s settings. In Security > Your devices, I saw my iPhone’s user-defined name (eg: “Zach’s iPhone SE2”) logged in the list of devices used to access my Google account.
The presence of my iPhone's user-defined name in its full glory was a revelation to me, because it has been my assumption all along that Apple, a company that touts privacy as its core value, withholds information that could be used to uniquely identify your device (and by extension, you) from third-party apps and websites, such as your IMEI number, your device’s serial number, your phone number, or – in this case – the appellation you choose to give your phone, which could indeed give you away if you have your real name in it. I created my YouTube account without disclosing my actual name to Google, so I was a bit unnerved to see my iPhone's user-defined name in the Google control panel. I thought my iPhone would show up as “iPhone”, “iPhone SE”, or perhaps even a generic alphanumeric string or a UUID, but no, it showed up as the name I gave it – with my name in it.
I had a chat with Apple Support after this discovery, and the tech support representative (who was a bit hesitant before answering my question, mind you) assured me that Google would not be able to see my iPhone’s user-defined name. The tech support rep's hesitation in answering my question, as well as the absence of publicly available information that pertains to the nature of my question, has left me thoroughly unconvinced of the veracity of their response. If I can see my iPhone’s user-defined name in the control panel of my LAN’s router when I am connected to the LAN, then it makes no sense for Google to not be able to see it – least of all if the name of my iPhone is quite literally listed in Google’s control panel!
So what is the truth? Is this information divulged to third-party apps? Is it freely transmitted to them? Would we be better off with alphanumeric strings as user-defined names? We have no way of knowing at the moment.