Do you get ANY sound from the internal speakers?
If you open the Sound pref pane, then plug in headphones, does the output change to "headphones"?
Then, unplug the headphones. Does the output change back to internal speakers?
If it does not change back, keep going with finding a stuck switch inside the headphone jack.
Do you a boot chime when you boot or restart?
Do you hear any boot chime when you do a PRAM reset? (Restart while holding Option-command-p-r --- keep holding the same 4 keys until you get 2 boot chimes, then release the keys. If there is no boot chime, just hold the 4 keys during restart, for about 60 seconds, then release
No sound at all, keep looking at hardware. If the headphone switch doesn't appear to be bad (hard to tell just by looking), then you should also check inside that the speakers are attached to the logic board connections. BOTH speakers connect to a single connector on the sound board.