I've been using the Apple leather cases since the iPhone 6 and have had a lot of drops and zero damage. Two very recent examples with my 11 Pro Max.
1. Dropped on uncarpeted oak stairs. Phone bounced down a few steps. No damage, not even any compression damage or scratches.
2. Dropped from about 4' onto granite block step on porch. 11PM in the leather case landed on a bottom corner. It actually split the corner of the case, but zero damage to the phone itself. The case looked ok, mostly, but I replaced it because it didn't seem likely that that case was going to offer any protection from another fall on that corner. (Sure, what are the chances? - but why tempt fate.)
Phone drops/falls are obviously completely random but I've been incredibly satisfied with the Apple leather cases. The case for the 12 Pro should be even more protective, since they've closed the bottom of the case around the ports.