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Are you using Finder...or Spotlight?

Doing a Finder search, you can either search “Everything” for the search term(s) or just “Name” (filename).

You can also narrow the search by adding conditions from a long list of conditions.
 
For searching, I like Find Any File, written by Thomas Tempelmann. It is a low overhead easy to use basic file finder. Holding the Option key when you press "Find" makes it a root-level search (searching folders such as /etc, /usr, /var). You can limit the search to a drive or folder. It works by itself and does not depend on nor use any Spotlight index/database. The author updates regularlay and is very responsive to suggestions/complaints. It is shareware, he asks for a small donation but it is not required.

As a replacement for Finder itself (as the title of the OP suggests), I recommend Pathfinder by CocoaTech. I have used it for years, but I still from time to time using Finder as well.
 
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