As far as I know it is not possible. The Apple SuperDrive will only work on supported systems (i.e. optical drive-less macs). The AirPort wouldn't even recognize that there is anything attached. However you could use Mac OS X "REMOTE DISC" drive system that is built into the OS since the original MacBook Airs shipped.
As for a third party external drive, I imagine it'd fall into a similar situation where it would not be recognized as an optical drive.