The OEM SSD is a PCIe card, mounted on the logic board.
Your new SSD replaced the hard drive, and uses the same SATA connection as the hard drive, so you are restricted to the speed of the SATA bus. the 415 MBps is probably around the max, which might hit as much as 425 MBps with the right SSD, but not more than that. Still significantly faster than the spinning drive that you replaced, but still on the SATA bus, and limited to that. The OTHER drive, the original SSD, is on the PCIe bus, which is capable of many times faster speed.
So, if you want faster, you need a device on the PCIe bus. You already have one, the original SSD. But, that is only 128GB - so not a lot of space. It's also an Apple device, using a proprietary connector, so you would need to purchase a used Apple SSD, which are a bit pricey (and would be pulled from another Mac, so used...)
Or, much cheaper to buy a standard PCIe m.2 card, and connect that through one of the adapters that are pretty easy to find -- such as:
https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B07FYY3H5F.
The MAIN obstacle to doing this - the SSD is mounted on the back side of the logic board, and remvoing that is a challenge, but there are good videos, or step-by-step instructions on iFixit, for example. Not a difficult task, just one where you need to be careful. I just did one like yours a couple of weeks ago, and works greate.
Yes, your iMac is getting some age, but can still be upgraded to current Monterey, maybe the next macOS version, too.