Yup, you can. I choose a Vertex 3, 256g drive and its works great. Really, any 2.5", 9.5mm height, Sata drive will work. Your enterprise level, slc drive would be an option.
I don't know if you already have the drive but I'd suggest you take a serious look at the mlc based, Sata III drives. I'm having a hard time thinking up a workload you'd want to run on a MBP that would benefit from a SLC drive when the MLC offers such a nice price\performance balance.