Are you using an M1/M2 Mac? I think Apple didn't make compatible its brightness control code for the Cinema Display on Apple Silicon macOS.
Is the USB connected? The brightness control requires the USB connection.
If you are using an M1/M2 Mac, or cannot connect the USB cable because it's broken or the current version of macOS doesn't like it on your particular Mac (one of those is true for me - a recent development...) Then you can try MonitorControl.app which will do brightness control using DDC/CI instead of USB. You may need to set the maximum brightness value in the MontorControl.app advanced settings.
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