This took me the afternoon to figure out. I had never seen this prompt to Mission Control in action before reading your post; but then after doing it once, I could not figure out how to reproduce it!
Mission Control only opens during window dragging if you 1) swipe swiftly "past" the upper edge of the screen with your trackpad / mouse while dragging a window, or 2) drag to the upper edge of the screen with your trackpad / mouse, pause, and then drag significantly higher again. But if you merely drag up to the top of the screen at a normal speed and keep your "drag pressure" upward, it won't activate Mission Control.
Typically when Apple provides an opt-out for gesture controls it lives in Accessibility. There is no opt-out there for this Open Mission Control feature. There might still be a secret Terminal Command for it. Someone can chime in later if so.
Until then, if you are able to avoid the two gestures above going forward, that should solve your problem.