There are no "iMac Pros" from 2014. The iMac Pro didn't come out until 2018. There ARE "regular" iMacs from that time, of course.
A 2014 iMac has USB3, and any USB3 drive (pre-packaged or one that you "assemble yourself") should work with it.
I prefer to buy "bare drives", and a USB3 enclosure, and then assemble it on my own. Some of the enclosures don't even need tools.
There should be no problem with booting and running from an external USB3 SSD. I've been running my 2012 Mini on one for 7+ years -- since the day I unboxed it in January 2013. Still runs great.
Be aware that you CAN still use Aperture with Catalina. Check out something called "Retroactive". It's a kludge, but it works. Works with iTunes and Catalina as well.
Are you going to be replacing the iMac before too long?
If so, you could try putting together a USB3.1 gen2 enclosure with an nvme "blade drive".
This will work at USB3 speeds with the current iMac (reads of 430mbps).
When you get a new Mac with USBc, it will run at around 965mbps.