Some good troubleshooting questions:
A few questions for now:
1) Do you get this beachballing doing simple stuff on the internal drive (e.g. accessing things in /Applications or your home folder assuming it is located there) or only the external?
2) Are you external drives formatted HFS+ or APFS?
3) How much RAM do you have and what does Activity Monitor show under Memory -> Memory Pressure/Usage?
4) Which macOS are you running?
Use Activity Monitor on your Mac to see if memory is being used efficiently and if you need more memory (RAM).
support.apple.com
so yes, I'm currently using a 2020 M1 MacBook air.
the apps are on the internal hard drive, which is 251 GB, of which only 21 GB are free. I know, if there were more free space it would probably be faster. (I keep trying to look for more stuff to move OFF the internal drive...)
the apps are on the internal drive, but all the data is on external drive - many external drives, in fact! These are standard drives, not SDD, and I know it would also be faster if they were all SDD drives.
so there's lots of reasons why the system isn't as speedy as it ought to be!
w
It seems you (now) recognize there are some other areas worth considering an upgrade. I’m not so much as discouraging a new Mac, but, as stated by others already, it’s probably not going to be the “upgrade” you hope until other things are addressed. Even if you purchase a new Mac, it seems, you’ll need to budget for more internal storage as well as also still possibly external — that last part being key.
Even though HDDs are still notably more cost effective in capacity, and can be plenty fast, one of the downsides is they need to spin up after ‘sleeping’. In the few seconds it requires the HDD to fully ‘awaken’, your Mac needs to wait (i.e., will display the beachball/pinwheel). This is despite whether the drives are empty or nearly full.
If you wanted to upgrade your external storage, it doesn’t mean you need to toss out all of the drives you currently have. In fact, just adding one external SSD may be enough. Basically, it’s preferred to have an SSD for commonly accessed files. You can use your HDDs for archival (i.e., only occasionally accessed) and backup.
Some options:
More budget friendly:
Faster and better heat dissipation:
Express 1M2 - 4TB Ultra-fast, compatible, and reliable portable USB4 NVMe SSD. Build your own or choose ready-to-run solutions.
www.amazon.com
With a lot of peripherals, especially bus-powered drives, an external/independently powered dock or hub
can be useful.
Specification 1.Model: WL-UTD41Pro 2.Ports(15-in-1): (Front) 1x 3.5mm Audio/Mic, 1x SD Card Slot (312MB/s), 1x USB-A (10Gbps, 7.5W), 1x Upstream Thunderbolt 4 Port (40Gb/s, 98W), 1x Power Switch (Back) 1x DC In (20V/10A; 200W), 3x Downstream Thunderbolt 4 Ports (40Gb/s; PD15W; 8K), 1x USB-A (10Gb...
www.amazon.com
UGREEN Revodok Max 208 Thunderbolt 4 Dock, 8-in-1 40Gbps Thunderbolt 4 Hub Docking Station with Dual 4K@60Hz or Single 8K Display, 85W Charging, Gigabit Ethernet, 3x USB A 3.2 for Macbook Laptops
www.amazon.com
Again, these are things to consider.