I'm using the most recent wired keyboard Apple sold (aluminum), and the most recent Mac Mini design (core 2 duo.) Also, I tried on every USB port with the same results.
Well, I just booted in verbose mode - it seems to notice that the keyboard is also technically a USB hub, and decides there's not enough power for it's USB ports.
... well, going off of a suggestion of the guy that sent me the keyboard, I blew out the dust in the USB ports. That fixed it. I figure Windows didn't care because it didn't recognize the hub part (I tested.)