The problem is that many companies choose te restrict the format and even the length of passwords. And in length I mean "maximum length".
"passwords must be between 6 and 12 characters and must contain at least a number, a lower case, a capital and a special characters, but not @# or ^".
"passwords must be between 6 and 10 characters and cannot contain spaces".
"passwords may not contain the same character twice".
What's wrong with :
"Password must be at least 8 characters but preferably 22"?
Result is, the Apple generated password is often rejected, as well as the xkcd option where you string together random words.
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Unless you use some a dialect of old Greek or another rare language, those passwords are very quickly cracked. You just take the dictionary of the most common English (and other common languages) and run it through. A computer from the 90’es will use less than a second on this task if your password is less than 6-8 words.
That's new for me. With 5 unique words there are 3000 x 2999 x 2998 x 2997 x 2996 combinations in a 3000 word dictionary. That's 2.42 x 10^17 combinations. Providing that you don't mix capitals and lower case, don't add numbers or only use spaces between the words.
If you use a large dictionary (with easily about 50.000 of the most common words) that adds up to 3.12 x 10^23.
Am i missing something here or is "less than a second" way overstated?