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I expect that has more to do with SSD architecture than SSD speed. I believe the XBox might be using some more recent protocol features that aren't supported on SATA at all, and maybe not even on older NVMe drives. (and definitely not over USB.) You could hook up a mercury delay line storage and have it work on the XBox, very very slowly, as long as you used the internal interface and implemented the necessary protocols.

Sony has definitely done something similar with the PS5. I've seen perfectly good (and fast SSDs) not even be recognized by the console, and I had to get one of a select handful of models to even use in my console. I would think Microsoft would be less stringent, especially with their cross-platform push for Windows and XBox.
 
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