So basically you're saying I could get an SSD and enclosure and boot via USB from it?
SSD drives, especially Samsung, need TRIM function to make them working at peak efficiency. Without it, the speed degrades noticeably. TRIM works only with internal drives (and possibly some Thunderbolt enclosures), but not with USB. Also, USB is slower than internal SATA connector. So, with SSD in USB enclosure you get slower drive to begin with, and a gradual performance degradation due to lack of TRIM.
If I were you, I would get a cheap USB enclosure, put an SSD drive in it, installed OS X on it, boot from this external drive just to check and recover data stored on your internal HDD, and then replace (or get replaced) the internal drive with that SSD.