Exactly, the European directive only says that the product sold must free of defects (and do what it is advertised to do) at the point of purchase. For the first six months if somethings fails, the vendor has to prove that at the moment of purchase the product was free of defects, after that the customer has to prove that the defect existed on the day of purchase. Thus, if a hard drive fails after 18 months, you would have to prove that it failed because something was wrong with your product when you bought it, usually pretty difficult to do.A bit of a misunderstanding as to what the law provides for. The EU directive does not confer a guarantee, just a statute of limitations to lodge a complaint against faulty goods.
Specifically in the UK the Sale of Goods Act gives you about 6 months where the retailer has to prove that you were at fault (negligence, reasonable wear and tear or incorrect use) or must repair, replace or refund. After that, it is up to you to prove that any fault was due to manufacturing defects at the time of purchase. Most manufacturers give a one year guarantee which does not override your statutory rights, but is usually more generous than the law requires.
Here is the link to one of EU directives which forms the basis of that:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31999L0044:EN:HTML
One of the phrases therein (as relevant to this discussion) is: "Whereas the goods must, above all, conform with the contractual specifications.", which means in practice they must be free of defects when purchased. The key question herein is whether when a products develops failures after some time this is because it had defects right from the start or not.
A formal warranty, on the contrary, is a contract between the vendor and the customer specifying exactly what failures are covered and which are not. It is a bit like a service contract.
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