Don't believe so using current OS, but add-in parental programs can do so.
I share your frustration and personally think there would be a market for some aids to self discipline monitoring time spent on the computer. I know I can get lost and a couple hours go by quickly and I'm really not even aware of it sometimes. A tool to aid my purpose to limit time spent in certain applications or overall time on computer would be useful. Heck just a simple logging program - you spent X hours in Y program would be instructive.
Regards.