Problem is not so much about transistor size in nanometers or atoms but insulation between. Quantum tunnelling already a big problem at current levels.
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Apple Orders 4nm Chip Production for Next-Generation Macs
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quantum tunneling is about the transistor size, not the insulation between them.
As the gate length decreases, it is harder to turn off the transistor because the gate surface area decreases making it difficult to create a sufficient and uniform electric field. As a result, charge carriers that should be confined by the electric field have an increasingly high probability of escaping. Simple application of Schroedinger’s equation.
