That is no longer correct, a
2015 EU regulation limits the interbank charge to 0.3% for credit cards and 0.2% for debit cards (with a maximum of 7 cent for the latter, meaning for transactions from 35 Euro upwards, the charge has a fixed cap). Meaning for small amounts the difference isn‘t too relevant anymore.
There are a few small caveats, for once this only applies to Visa and MasterCard (as American Express and Diners use a differently structured banking backend). It also only applies for transactions within the EEA (EU + Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein), though my understanding is that Visa and MasterCard have voluntarily agreed to also apply this for purchases made inside the EEA with cards issued in third party countries. It is also a weighted average, which I think means Visa and MasterCard can charge slightly different fees for different country pairs than others.
This relatively low fee cap is a reason why things like the cash back scheme of theApple Card cannot really be replicated in Europe (anymore).