Well, I'm a certified Electrotechnical Engineer and If my word is worth anything, I would say:
a) It's physically impossible that the wires of a USB charger can be used to electrocute a baby human even. They lack the diameter necessary to carry enough current to kill. (considering c)
b) It's 99,99999% unlikely that the charger Apple uses would delivery an AC voltage, and an AC voltage in the magnitude that could kill.
c) The wires are too close in the cable to make an electrical arc through a human body. Even you connect a high tension to a Lightning cable, all you would get would be and electrical arc between the + and the -, and then, it will burn the wires, causing them to fall on the ground.
d) The PCB would burn if such a high voltage and high current would be passing.
DC current is safe no matter what, in fact, the electric chair was invented by Thomas Edison to promote his DC electric distribution system in detriment of the better AC that Westinghouse was using.
An electroTECHNICAL engineer? Well, that goes a long way in explaining how wrong you are on EVERY count here.
A: By your logic, all lightening strikes should be completely harmless, right? I mean there is ZERO wire diameter in most lightening.
B: Google: "Switching Supply Failure Modes", "Statistical Failure Rates", "Mass Manufacturing Quality Control", "Environmental Variables", "End-User Variables".
C: If you did actually look up "Switching Supply Failure Modes" you would realize that one failure mode results in THE ENTIRE LINE VOLTAGE PASSING THROUGH TO DC / SECONDARY LEG. Translation: You're connected directly to whatever is coming out of the wall outlet. Oh, the iPhone has a metal exterior - that it uses as an antenna? Oh, most everywhere line voltage has a reference to earth ground. Wait, humans stand on the ground, AND can hold things? I wonder, what could the odds be...
D: Metal iPhone, Ground Shields, Failure of Switching Supply - Electrifies the "Ground Shield" and results in the skin / exterior of the phone going "hot" - PCBs inside could care less, as they are "within" a Faraday cage. Just like how you'd be safe inside a steel cage, that was struck by lightning. Again, just Google.
DC can KILL. I've got capacitors for how power lasers that have "THE ENERGY STORED WITHIN THESE CAPACITORS IS LETHAL - ALWAYS VERIFY CAPS ARE FULLY DISCHARGED AND SHORT LEADS BEFORE HANDLING" That label was not there from the beginning... however after 2 people died from touching these caps, they had to label them. As far as I'm aware - there is not a capacitor on earth that stores AC...
Whatever licensing body certified you - should reconsider what they've done.
Finally - all the obligatory "Volts don't Kill, Amps do" statements - you're both wrong. POWER kills. 1,000,000 volts with near zero currently has not killed me, likely won't even bother you, either. But, battery banks providing THOUSANDS of amps, ALSO do not kill me, nor does it kill every tow truck operator who's provided a jump start. And I was holding buss bars with wet hands! Imagine that? You need a combination of Volts AND Amps to become dangerous - and the ratio of the two varies depending on body mass, location, conditions (humidity, salinity, ect...) Humans are not perfect conductors, we're actually terrible conductors, as it takes upwards of 40 volts for you to start passing anything significant through your skin.
Ok, sorry, end of rant.