first off, most foreign markets are prepaids plans (you buy your service month to month, no lockin). Mostly because the culture there is to 'buy minutes' (and I assume then GB of 3G as well) I also know part of that is turning on/off services such as data, and the other is floating between a myriad of wireless companies.
So, To get into that market, you need a less expensive phone because no subsidy (and the 2 year lockin to pay off the subsidy) exists, or is tolerated by the market.
2nd, Apple stated up front that they will be aggressive with pricing and models to keep from being undersold. They learned from the Mac Experience, that you must be ready to aggressively protect the brand. The iPod Shuffle is just that device... it's the gateway to the nano, to the touch, to the phone (why... iTunes... no loss of time investment in media management). The term they used early was 'price umbrella' They want that umbrella as low to the floor as possible, to keep other brands from engaging in customer brand loyalty lockin.
Android is to some extent under the umbrella now, however, their capabilities and 'emotional investment' at that level is so low, that it's just a 'cheap phone.' If Apple closes that gap, the brand value ("I can get an iPhone for _almost_ the same price"), That drives for the long term 'halo' (app store, music store, upgrades, iCloud, iPads), which when you have a 'family' of products, is bound to happen.
I know I'd buy my 20 yo daughter a iPhone 4'lite' if it was under $200 and not locked into ATT/Verizon. In a Minute. She has a MacBook, She has a iPod nano. She's graduating from college (poor ATT coverage there, no VZN), and is about to move. a 2 year contract is silly. She has WiFi everywhere. I don't think she needs an iPad (she's a writer... needs a good keyboard). But when she gets a job (hope hope), then she can go get an iPad and not lose her 'investment'
So... a $<300 prepaid solves a lot of problems.
1) it can be the 'free' or $9.99 iPhone for ATT, Sprint, VZN, TMoble in the US
2) it becomes the 'iphone shuffle' (phone, web, 4GB of mem for apps/songs/media,a nice display, and a
3) it lowers that umbrella (you can own an iPhone... or one of those no name android phones that has no experience, and limited support)
Apple's cash allows them to make almost nothing on the shuffle... but it drives the long term (2 years, they'll buy an iPhone) plan. Thats the real beauty of Apple's cash account. They can invest in the future, and make decisions that are focused only on this quarter.