If you are a Type 1 diabetic making a decision on how much insulin to inject then the "good enough" is "medical grade".
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Apple Supplier Rockley Photonics Unveils Health Tracking Tech Likely to Come to Apple Watch
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Apart from numerous other factors, they're already in a definitive agreement to merge and go public.
But feel free to join me in the speculation (do note that the price didn't move at all at the news, actually even dropped a smidge) and acquire a piece yourself – SCPE is the SPAC.
The research of the first study you produced isn’t about glucose concentrations, which I was very specific about.
The second study is not old at all, it’s very new produced less than 5 years ago in December 2016. It uses spectroscopy as a method of determining concentrations, which indeed is an old and proven technique when in vitro (in test tubes outside the body, for others reading this).
However, as you pointed out, the deviance between invasive and non-invasive in vivo tests (on living beings, usually inside the body but this time just surrounding the finger or ear lobe) were significant. Reading the results from the tables, not a single measurement was close to being accurate, though they all matched a similar range to the actual values. The publication also mentions the difficulty in using a non invasive technique on the arm compared to the finger or ear lobes, the skin is much thicker and more difficult to penetrate with infra red light.
Ultimately, as the conclusion of the article implied, the research is incomplete and needs further investigation to improve the techniques to see if this is actually feasible… but even then, the weak accuracy might suggest this will eventually be a “finger tip” technology rather than an arm/wristwatch device. Until then, accurate technology, which is what diabetics need, doesn’t exist non-invasively.
But still, this is exciting emerging research, I’m glad you mentioned it.
Thanks. I found a few other articles too.
Should You Trust Apple’s New Blood Oxygen Sensor?
In the time of COVID, pulse oximeters are the new thermometers, on the shelves of many medicine cabinets. But do they belong in wristwatches?
spectrum.ieee.org
I’m curious what gave you this impression. I don’t know much about him, other than reading about his starting a string of companies since the 80s.
The whole thing seems odd — they’re involved in self driving and wearable sensor tech, and they claim Apple is their biggest customer — and yet they go the SPAC vs IPO route. Why? Given the market for these products and amount of money floating around, why would a company like this go in that direction?
Continuous Lactate and Glucose (and presumably alcohol though I'm not sure about that) are able to be done fairly accurately w/ transdermal sensor arrays (somewhat less invasive than micro-needle arrays which also work). The more expansive the array the more accurate the result. We've been using a couple of these wrist wearable lactate monitors (we're looking at Lactate, exCO2 and vOX) for some studies on sauna and they have been quite accurate.
I think the big issue w/ many of these is what level of accuracy is necessary for what purpose. We have an anesthesiologist working w/ us and clearly what level of accuracy is necessary for him monitoring a patient during surgery is very different than what we need for our testing which is very different from what an elite and even amateur athlete needs (and they may need greater accuracy than we do).
A hydration monitor that tells someone that they need to drink some water likely doesn't need to be very accurate?
What level of accuracy does an athlete need for LT to know where they need to focus their training?
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Regarding core body temperature, take a look at Rockley's report yesterday on the results of their studies on measurement of core body temperature:
Also, take a look at Rockley's investor slide deck. Apple's been working with Rockley since 2017 and has spent $70M on developing their optical technologies:
Take a look at Rockley's investor slide deck:
As a medical professional, I don't give much weight to studies done by the company selling the product, nor do I care for 'investor news'.
That they've spent $70M doesn't mean much to me and I sure wouldn't invest in this. As I said before, you cannot measure core body temperature by measuring skin temperature at the periphery without making many, many assumptions (which will all be wrong when it matters most).