Thread from the dead.
It's not the size of the batteries that affect the number of charge cycles they last (a cycle is a cycle), it's the battery chemistry. Apple's Lithium-ion batteries have been typically identified as being capable of around 1000 full cycles (that's from fully charged to fully discharged 1000 times), before they are down to about 80% of their original capacity.
That's pretty good. Many other chemistries are 500x, 300x, or even less (look up lead-acid, for example). It was when Apple crossed the 1000-cycle barrier that they decided to release the MBPros with the integrated battery instead of the removable one (which was only good for about 300 cycles).
Companies like Tesla are starting to see 2000 cycles with only 2% degradation, but they are (literally) cheating. How, you ask? By limiting the top and bottom of charge limits and artificially reducing capacity to begin with.
For LI, the most degradation occurs when the cells are fully charged and fully discharged. By preventing the battery from going to those levels by your charge controller, you reduce wear on the cells. However, you have to make the battery that much bigger to never use its full capacity. It's a concession Apple does not make on it's already thin devices. It makes more sense on a $65k-125K vehicle that should last 10 years, but not on a $1000-2000 piece of tech that is obsolete and slow in 2-3 years and going to replaced anyway.
tl;DR: Charge cycles are limited by the battery chemistry, not their size/capacity.