No, it doesn't, once it has been set up.
AT&T has nothing to do with home sharing, which only requires your home Wi-Fi network to operate. You could still use home sharing even with no Internet service provider at all, once the initial setup is complete.
Well I don't know what to tell you. No Apple devices would work using Apple services (Bonjour type related) within the house. You see that picture of the AppleTV, there was only TWO icons.
The AppleTV could see all my movies (~850) and it could see all my music. It would play music, but it would just sit there like it was stuck in limbo trying to load any movie. These are all hand ripped and none purchased from iTunes.
And like I mentioned, my iOS devices would either not load the Home Sharing library at all, or it would load the list of movies and then when I went to play a movie it would say I do not have permission to watch the movie...again that sounds like an authentication issue.
Seeing as how ALL the issues cleared up as soon as I selected a different DNS server for my computers and devices I would be inclined to believe this was 100% related to Internet connectivity.
Now what may be happening is that if the devices see it has no Internet connection then it make skip the authentication and use some cached version or just do a local handshake. But if it sees that there is some form of Internet connection then it may try to do an official authentication through iTunes. Which in that case, if it can't reach the Apple server it may just time out or deny the handshake.
The point of this post was not to rant about AT&T specifically, but hopefully to get some hits on Google incase someone else has the same issue.
By affecting the DNS, they are not technically blocking a website, but rather just not giving me directions to that website. I could still get there if I knew the IP address. Whether this is on purpose or a case of technical trouble, there is really no way to know.