Optimized charging pays attention to when, and how long you use your Mac on battery, and it tries to proactively charge to 100% when it anticipates you'll be on battery soon. You didn't miss a setting. This is what it's supposed to do. It's not new in Ventura.
Leave your Mac plugged in most of the time for the next couple of days and it'll go back to stopping at 80%, instead of doing a full charge.
To improve the lifespan of your battery, Optimized Battery Charging allows your Mac to learn from your daily charging routine so that it can delay completing a full charge in certain situations. And with Charge Limit, you can limit what your Mac considers a full charge.
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