Not the way you're hoping, unfortunately.
On iOS 14 you can make it worse if you go to Settings / Accessibility / Display & Text Size and enable "Classic Invert".
The same menu has a "Colour Filters" feature - the "Greyscale" option makes the battery icon easier to read but causes the entire screen to be in greyscale.
For some changing the wallpaper behind the battery to white will make the text in the battery easier to read. The actual battery and text colors don't change - some eyes just find that combination easier to read on a white background.