The display is off most of the time, and all the other components in the different size models are exactly the same, meaning logically you're going top get better battery life from the larger model...I would have thought that the bigger display would have negated the bigger battery and they would both work out roughly the same
Apple site says it is more, but it won't be significant.
They've been desperate to make the battery life as good as possible so if it was significant enough to make even 1 hour different they would have absolutely advertised that the 38 did 18hours and 42 did 19 as they can show off more then.
It's probably such a small amount you wouldn't really notice it.
Several threads on this.
Short answer is nobody knows yet.
The rumblings I've heard using the case size estimates (we won't really know until it hits real hands) are a 10% increase. Which makes sense proportionally.