thats actually not true....
one of the biggest features when i upgraded to mavericks, was battery life increase. they found a way for safari and mail to use almost 2/3rds the power it was using previously....
i watched my previous MBP go from 3 hours to almost 4 hours of active battery life when i upgraded
This gets into a kind of hairy discussion about the definition of an operating system... from a computer science standpoint, Safari and Mail are not part of the OS and therefore their power consumption shouldn't factor into the discussion... but from a common sense standpoint they come with the Mavericks "operating system" download so it seems like they must be part of the operating system...
In any case, the core part of the operating system that's running when you don't have any programs "active" in the dock (crude description but hopefully effective) does not have much impact on battery life.