I do quite a bit of surfing/reading in bed and am a big night vision guy. Yes, dark modes (white letters on black background) helps a lot, brightness set at near lowest levels, and I have True Tone and Night Shift on too.
However one of the best things for night reading is using bounced ambient light from a dim flashlight - ‘moonlight mode’ or <1 lumen - bounced off the wall behind my head. If you really want to get technical, get a high CRI (color rendering index) tint like a Nichia 219 emitter.
This provides background lighting in your field of view so minimizing the contrast to the lit phone screen. An example of this is watching your TV in a pitch black room (painful) vs an evenly matched lit room (comfortable).