That MS installer puts support files all over the place when Outlook is installed. There is no way you are going to be able to find all those support files and get them moved over and working. Then even if you could, the app will recognize it is on new hardware and make you reregister. You are going to need the Outlook installer to get this done.
As "Weaselboy" has replied, the Outlook installation is convoluted and scattered as are other Office files. You may be able to restore Outlook by doing a complete Time Machine restore of everything. The danger with that however, is the Outlook data base can corrupt and you'll wind up reinstalling anyway. And as stated, you may have to activate Outlook or Office again.
I was a big fan of Outlook at one time (during my Windows days) but now I avoid it because it's a royal pain to keep up with when things go south.