I agree that Intel has those shortcomings, but that's not to say they can't overcome them.
If you think Apple hasn't gimped the cooling systems of the Intel Macbooks, then you need to watch these vids. The short version is:
1) The heatsink is incorrectly mounted so it isn't flush against the chip, and thus is horribly inefficient. This same problem doesn't exist on the M1.
2) On the 2020 Intel MBA, the fan is offset a long way from the heatsink, which normally wouldn't be a problem, as you'd connect them with a heat pipe. But Apple took the heat pipe out! Yep, the fan spins up when the chip heats up (which it does quickly because the heatsink isn't mounted correctly), but the fan doesn't actually cool anything because there is no heat pipe, so it just sits there noisily spinning away achieving no actual cooling until the user stops using the laptop. Whereas the M1 MBA has dumped the fan and put a massive heat spreader in its place that connects (efficiently) to the heatsink. The same solution could have of course been used on the Intel MBA, and greatly improved its cooling, and thus performance, also without fan noise. Yes, the Intel chips do run hotter, so such a solution would result in quicker throttling than for the M1s, but it would be much slower to throttle than the actual gimped design Apple used.