You have to install OpenCore on your USB installer for BigSur. If you don't see the EFI partition on the boot picker screen, there's no way to boot to the installer (or it won't correctly boot, and you will get the prohibited symbol - or, the blinking disk. Either one basically means that you don't have a correctly made bootable installer, and most likely one that you have not yet added the OpenCore to the disk.
Don't try to upgrade a Mac that has a patched system, such as that from dosdude1. If you need 10.10 (Yosemite) or higher, then you will have the best chance at the result that you want. Use that to make your Big Sur installer. I think you are asking for problems if you try an OCLP installer on top of a dosdude patched system (I think the patches can be incorrectly installed if you try to mix the different patcher systems.) I remember seeing somewhere that if you encounter a Mac with a dosdude patched system, and want to go with OCLP, that you should erase that older patched system, and make the OCLP install to a freshly erased drive, that is, a completely clean macOS install.
Maybe you have a newer Mac, perhaps that has a newer macOS system, my favorite system is one that has Big Sur already. Use that Mac to make your installer USB, then install OpenCore on the installer USB, choosing to make the OpenCore for the Mac that you want to install Big Sur. It's just choosing the Mac model (MacMini3,1) from the menu. And, that selection will allow you to install OpenCore for your macmini3,1. That's how you can boot the macOS installer from your MacMini. If you don't get that set up properly (including choosing the correct Macmini3,1 for the OpenCore installer drive,) you will just be wasting your time. When you have the correct setup for OpenCore on your installer drive, then your MacMini drive can be erased--you don't even need a system installed, just install the new system on an empty drive.
By the way, DON'T erase the internal drive, and format with APFS. GUID is fine. If you want to install 10.10 first, THAT installer won't accept the APFS-formatted drive (10.10 doesn't know what APFS is). Just format as MacOS Extended. And THAT drive, when you then install Big Sur, will be automatically changed to APFS. The Big Sur installer takes care of that. There's no reason to set that up as APFS before upgrading to Big Sur.