# Calculus Vectorial

#### Quboid

##### macrumors 6502
Original poster
Hey all,

Stuck on another calculus question. It seems prettty simple but I can't seem to figure it out.

Draw the curve for
x=4 cos t
y=5 sen t

I plugged in values and drew hte curve with was pretty easy but i can't figure out the ecuation for the curve.

This is what i did so far:

x/4=cos t
y/5=sen t

t[0,180] (I couldn't find the pi symbol)

(x/4)^2=cos^2 t
(y/5)^2=sen^2 t

(x/4)^2+(y/5)^2=cos^2 t + sent^2 t

(x/4)^2+(y/5)^2 = 1

....from this is see a circle with radius 1 and center in th origin. But the curve i got from plugging in values is clearly a parabola.

any help???

#### mkrishnan

##### Moderator emeritus
Can I start by asking a stupid question? What function is "sen"? Secant?

#### swiftaw

##### macrumors 603
It's an equation of an ellipse

Edit: I'm presuming that sen is actually the sine function seeing as you said cos^2 t + sen^2 t = 1

Edit 2: An ellipse that has equation x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 = 1 has parametric equation x = a cos t and y = b sin t.

#### Genghis Khan

##### macrumors 65816
god it's been almost a year since i did this stuff...

what you've done so far seems right (i'm taking that the sen = sine)

my advice is check all the settings on the calculator (hoping you're using texas instruments)

EDIT: if sen is indeed secant you have something very not circle

#### mkrishnan

##### Moderator emeritus
If "sen" = sine, then you did the trig correctly, but what you're experiencing is that your graphing program assumes a function (the ellipse equation is not a function -- it has two y values for every x), and so it just draws one quarter of the ellipse, which looks like a parabola.

If "sen" = secant (normally "sec" in the US, at least), then remember the definition of secant... you're on the wrong track.

#### swiftaw

##### macrumors 603
As I said above, if by sen you meant sine then what you have is an ellipse.

However, if by sen you meant secant, then you have

x = 4 cos t
y = 5 sec t

so x*y = 4*5*cos t*sec t = 20

so y = 20/x

Edit: Either way, you definitely do not have a parabola, the parametric equations of a parabola are not trig functions, they are of the form y = 2at, x = 2at^2

#### mkrishnan

##### Moderator emeritus
However, if by sen you meant secant, then you have

x = 4 cos t
y = 5 sec t

so x*y = 4*5*cos t*sec t = 20

so y = x/20
Careful with your math... y = 5 sec (t) = 5 / cos (t) = 5 / (x/4) = 20/x.

#### swiftaw

##### macrumors 603
Careful with your math... y = 5 sec (t) = 5 / cos (t) = 5 / (x/4) = 20/x.
Yeah, I had it right in my head, just wrong when i typed it, changed it now

#### Quboid

##### macrumors 6502
Original poster
Sen is indeed sine, (its seno in spanish.....long story). So if i had the trig right, how do i explain the curve i get. It's half of hte eclips when plotted in hte given range.

#### mkrishnan

##### Moderator emeritus
Sen is indeed sine, (its seno in spanish.....long story). So if i had the trig right, how do i explain the curve i get. It's half of hte eclips when plotted in hte given range.
Read the first part of my post #5 again.

#### swiftaw

##### macrumors 603
Sen is indeed sine, (its seno in spanish.....long story). So if i had the trig right, how do i explain the curve i get. It's half of hte eclips when plotted in hte given range.
It should be an entire ellipse, you'll probably need to check what range you are plotting over

#### siurpeeman

##### macrumors 603
Sen is indeed sine, (its seno in spanish.....long story). So if i had the trig right, how do i explain the curve i get. It's half of hte eclips when plotted in hte given range.
the thing you entered is half of an ellipse. the reason why you get the top half only is because you set the domain of t to (0,pi), where sin is strictly non-negative. if you want the whole ellipse, your domain would need to be [0,2 pi].

*edit*
it might look an awful lot like a parabola, because the y-axis acts as the major axis with a length of 10 (though only 5 is shown).

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#### Quboid

##### macrumors 6502
Original poster
Thanks alot guys. I was thinking the equation was a circle with a radius of one. It didn't occur to me that it was an elipse equation.

#### Quboid

##### macrumors 6502
Original poster
One more question:

This is an enirely different problem:

Draw the graph for the parametric ecautions:

x(t)=t
y(t)=sqrt(4-t^2)

t[-4 to 4]

Now for this one i just said that x=t so I contructed an equation:
y=sqrt(4-x^2)

Now as i get ready to plot, I realise that there are indeterminations at x equal to -4,-3,4 and 3. All the other points plot a nice parabola. For those x values that give "unreal" y values I just put vertical lines extending from them.

Is that the write way to solve this problem?

#### Rodimus Prime

##### macrumors G4
also I might want to add you calculator can only draw 1/2 of the figure.

As for help on it I think everyone else covered what I could do. It been over 3 years since I even touch the vector calculus and even then I never really understood it that and my calculus book is about 600 miles from my current location so I can not even look anything up.

#### swiftaw

##### macrumors 603
One more question:

This is an enirely different problem:

Draw the graph for the parametric ecautions:

x(t)=t
y(t)=sqrt(4-t^2)

t[-4 to 4]

Now for this one i just said that x=t so I contructed an equation:
y=sqrt(4-x^2)

Now as i get ready to plot, I realise that there are indeterminations at x equal to -4,-3,4 and 3. All the other points plot a nice parabola. For those x values that give "unreal" y values I just put vertical lines extending from them.

Is that the write way to solve this problem?
y is only real for t in the range [-2,2], outside of that range y is complex because you are square rooting a negative number

#### siurpeeman

##### macrumors 603
One more question:

This is an enirely different problem:

Draw the graph for the parametric ecautions:

x(t)=t
y(t)=sqrt(4-t^2)

t[-4 to 4]

Now for this one i just said that x=t so I contructed an equation:
y=sqrt(4-x^2)

Now as i get ready to plot, I realise that there are indeterminations at x equal to -4,-3,4 and 3. All the other points plot a nice parabola. For those x values that give "unreal" y values I just put vertical lines extending from them.

Is that the write way to solve this problem?
like the problem before, it actually isn't a parabola, it's a semi-circle (top half). reason is that y must be non-negative since it's sqr rt (junk). you don't get points less than -2 or greater than +2, because it doesn't work in your second equation. graphically, it's a circle centered at the origin with a radius of 2 (again, top half), so you wouldn't have any points outside [-2,2] anyway.

p.s. i gotta ask, how is this related to vector calculus anyway?

#### swiftaw

##### macrumors 603
as the last poster said, if you square both sides, you get y^2 = 4 - x^2

or in other words, x^2 + y^2 = 4. This is a circle, centered at the origin with radius 2. Now, the way the formula is given, you'll only get the top half.

#### Quboid

##### macrumors 6502
Original poster
I just started this course, and these are just porblems similar to the ones i did on the first day of class.

#### Quboid

##### macrumors 6502
Original poster
the thing you entered is half of an ellipse. the reason why you get the top half only is because you set the domain of t to (0,pi), where sin is strictly non-negative. if you want the whole ellipse, your domain would need to be [0,2 pi].

*edit*
it might look an awful lot like a parabola, because the y-axis acts as the major axis with a length of 10 (though only 5 is shown).
Question, what program did you use to draw that graph?

#### siurpeeman

##### macrumors 603
Question, what program did you use to draw that graph?
grapher. all macs ship with it. i'm not very familiar with it, though.

#### swiftaw

##### macrumors 603
Looks like Grapher to me, it's in your /Applications/Utilities/ folder

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#### siurpeeman

##### macrumors 603
Looks like Grapher to me, it's in your /Applications/Utilities/ folder
just to point out, you can make a square root with option-v.

#### Rodimus Prime

##### macrumors G4
I just started this course, and these are just porblems similar to the ones i did on the first day of class.
it is that way because you are not longer using the y=mx+b format. Now you are solving for both x and y with the variable t and with t you are out putting (x,y)

Later on in the course you will start doing triple integration.

Cal III is mostly cal I in 3d. It is a heck of a lot easier in my book then cal II. Sadly you will need to understand cal II to understand cal III

#### Quboid

##### macrumors 6502
Original poster
Re-Kindle

Hey there,

Can i molest you guys with yet another calculus question? ok here goes:'

Find parametric equations of the ellipse: x^2/a^2+y^2/b^2=1

I know it looks trivial, but the abtraction is making it difficult for me.

Thanks!