SOLUTION!!!!
I went through all of the tweaks looking for anything different on my phone vs my iPad to narrow down the issue.
I found a tweak called "Lockpages" which I'm guessing is a support tweak for something else, because I don't recall installing it.
I removed it, and yaaaaaaaay, the camera icon is back to functioning on the lock screen.
I hope this post helps others, as it made my day a LOT better figuring this out. 🙂