You won't be able to boot into the operating system with that drive mounted externally or inside of your computer. It would have to be installed through boot camp, which would necessitate wiping the drive
The best bet would be plugging the drive into an external enclosure and copying the files off the drive manually. I can't see any way to boot that drive outside of putting it into a windows PC that has VERY similar specs to the busted one - with macs, its pretty easy to install an OS on one computer and plug the drive into another, similar computer. With windows, the kernel tends not to like it and you will get a BSOD before even booting if you are trying to boot it through a computer that has specs that are significantly dissimilar to the one the drive came from.