I think it would depend entirely on your printer. I used to have an Epson Photo Stylus RX595 printer that had a USB port, and was able to be Bluetooth enabled, but required a special USB Bluetooth dongle only available from Epson to work.
I tried it with a USB Bluetooth dongle I had lying around and it did not work as the printer did not have built in drivers to be able to use the dongle (nor had it any way of having those drivers installed).
I believe I've heard of printers that allow you to use generic Bluetooth dongles, but I cannot remember which those are.
What model printer do you have? Maybe there is documentation on the manufacturer's website or in some other forums online that would give you an answer.