I don't know, but the pre-Retina models could as far as I remember.
Why would you remove the battery anyway? And what if something happens to the external power (connection being severed for example)?
Please don't tell us you wanna save some weight.
NO, I only use it at home and I know after some time the battery explodes in slow motion and destroys this piece of art, I know it may take as long as 10 years for the battery to swell, but I want to keep it even longer, not for purpose of using, I know some day it will be very nostalgic to see the gadgets and computers of the past.
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And, as a bonus, when replacing the battery on a rMBP, you will get a new topcase as well, making your piece of art looking as good as new again!