even if you did get it to connect, there is a lot of cross device communication that happens between your phone and HomePod over wifi. Most hotel networks should be setup so that devices on the network can't talk to each other. Otherwise, you'd see everyone else's laptop's file sharing when you were connected. Also meaning things like airplay more than likely won't work
your best option is a situation like this is either to..
get a travel router
it can log into the hotel wifi, and then create your own personal wifi. As far as the hotel network is concerned, the traffic from all of your devices comes from the router. So when you connect to "your wifi" and sign on to the hotel portal, it basically signs the router into their system, and all of your other devices will just connect to your wifi like you were at home.
And if there's a network jack on the phone in the room, you might be able to connect the travel router to that and just ignore the hotel's wifi all together.
Or... get a bluetooth speaker.
One option for a bluetooth speaker is the sonos Roam, It will work either as a "dumb" bluetooth speaker. Or if you have wifi, it will work as a full fledged smart speaker. In smart speaker mode, you're able to sign into multiple streaming services, and play music right on the speaker. Also if you're on wifi, you're able to create stereo pairs, or link multiple speakers together to all play in sync. You can also use airplay on wifi.
it's also battery powered, so you can easily move it around your room as needed. (has a magnetic charging dock)
There is also the sonos move, all the same features, but it might be a bit large to travel with.
**to use any of the wifi features mentioned on a hotel network, more than likely you'll need a travel router.
or for a basic bluetooth speaker, I like my anker/soundcore speaker, they are pretty inexpensive, sound pretty good , and you can connect multiple together. a few other people at work have bought one after hearing mine.