Interesting. I've hooked my SR MacBook up to two different LCD FHDTVs and both TVs were recognized by the computer and indicated at the top of the display control panel the model of the TV (where your pic says "Display" at the top of the window, mine would say "VO32L FHDTV 10A".
This is true for both VGA connection as well as DVI --> HDMI connection. I don't think I had all of those whacky resolutions, though.
Have you tried selecting the "Detect Displays" button again? You might try having the TV connected, putting the MacBook to sleep, then waking it up. Sometimes computers don't want to fully recognize displays just by plugging them in. Sometimes you need to reboot or come out of stand-by/sleep.
It may also be that the MacBook just won't correctly recognize the TV. I've run into some monitors where my MacBook wouldn't identify the model of the monitor and I wasn't able to select the native resolution of the LCD. And that was booted into OS X or XP -- either way, no native resolution.
There is a tool called SwitchResX which allows you to create custom resolutions, but I haven't used it so can't speak to its efficacy.
Good luck!