One of the disadvantages of the Boot Camp solution - the two file systems (OS X and Windows) are foreign to each other. If you change the partition size on one, the other system is likely to break. There are work-arounds to make it happen, but the usual method to give more space to Windows, for example, is to use a backup utility for Windows, such as Winclone, to, well, backup the windows partition. Boot to OS X, run Boot Camp to remove the boot camp partition. Then run boot camp AGAIN to create the partition in the size that you need. That will successfully navigate the barriers to resize the OS X partition, so THAT stays bootable, too. Then, use your Winclone backup to restore the Windows software.
This is something that will happen when you use Windows partition software to resize the Windows partition. It doesn't know what to do with the OS X boot partition. In your case, it appears from your screenshot that the OS X partition was changed to a fat32 partition (probably a boot block modification), which is NOT a useful format for an OS X system partition.