Apple’s heart rate detection and Fitbit’s work the same way, using photoplethysmography, the same technology that home fingertip oxygen monitors use which have become so popular during the pandemic. What the Apple Watch offers that Fitbit doesn’t is an actual ekg reading.
Plethysmography only detects peripheral pulse, which doesn’t always correlate with electrical heart rhythms like atrial fibrillation. For example, a related arrhythmia called atrial flutter can be so fast that only half of the beats actually propagate a pulse. Plethysmography will record a pulse exactly half of the actual heart rate, usually in the normal range.
Savvy patients with Apple Watches have come in with actual ekg rhythm strips which have on occasion been very useful to confirm a diagnosis, something the Fitbit cannot give us.