OP, very likely no. What you can do is paste the PDF into a Pages document "as is". Then, if the background is one color, overlap areas that need editing with graphic boxes that are the same color (you're covering them with a blank box here), and then put your new content into what looks like erased space. This trick, while not exactly what you want, comes close in that you are only re-creating the parts of the page that needs editing. It will work especially well if what needs editing is on a single color background or if the background is an image that you still have (you can then just lay a copy of the image over the old copy of it to "erase" whatever you added on top of that image).
If you need to be able to edit much of the page or if the background imagery is not replicable (you didn't keep your background imagery or you can't easily recreate some of the background to effectively overlay it in areas where you want to use the above trick), you're probably going to need to go the recreate track. Pain? Yes. But one of those computer-using lessons that one-time pain will sometimes correct (going forward).
Alternatively, there are multitudes of tools that aim to convert PDFs to Word docs. You might experiment with some of those. If you can find any that mostly recreates your original in a Word file, you might then be able to import that Word file into Pages and finish recreating it from that file. That might save a little time over recreating it from scratch and/or re-generate some design elements that maybe you can't remember how to recreate or no longer have the originals.
Lastly, are you sure you don't have a backup somewhere? Have you checked your TimeMachine history? Did you ever put the Pages file on a USB or portable hard drive to move it from one computer to another? Do you sync work files with another Mac and maybe a version of it is still on the other Mac? Did you ever email the Pages file for some reason, put it on a sharing service like Dropbox, etc? Have you replaced your Mac and maybe a copy is still on the old Mac? Any such option could offer a path to potentially find it or an earlier version of the Pages file.
I hope this is helpful. Good luck.