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The new NSIncrementalStore and NSIncrementalSotreNode classes added to Core data in Mac OS X Lion are meant to allow this to happen.

http://developer.apple.com/library/...ef/doc/uid/TP40010637-CH1-DontLinkElementID_4

A Google search just revealed tweets about people who hope someone (who?) would implement them for PostgreSQL. So, no, I don't think anyone's done it yet.

Also I don't think Core Data copes with multi-user, concurrent-access databases. I don't know how it would cope with having the backing store change from under it.
 
You might want to check out the BaseTen framework which is a core-data-like implementation of PostgreSQL--although not actually core data. The project used to be open sourced with a commercial license available for purchase, but it's now under the Apache license, so there's no reason not to check it out.
 
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