What do you mean is "the full potential" of a macbook air with 8GB memory, that apparently virtually no one ever unlocks?As we all know, 95% of customers never even come close to unlocking the full potential of their Macs or iPhones. They check email and browse the web and not much else. The small, vocal minority are the ones that complain about too little RAM and SSD storage because they actually need it for content creation. They simply complain in the hopes that Apple lowers the prices of base models or increases storage and keeps the prices low so they can save a buck on their next purchase. Apple is not stupid so they will not be changing anything because this products work for 95% of their customers. And the other 5% will simply buy their pro products and pay the extra for more storage because these people make money using Apple products and are willing to pay 2x more than they currently do. They just don't realize it themselves because they are cheap.
My 2017 macbook air has 8GB memory. Right now I am browsing the web, checking email and I am making a simple collage of a few pictures. Am I close to the full potential? Because used memory is 6,5GB and Mac OS decided I need to swap 1GB.
It looks like I use this Macbook air very similarly to those "95% of customers" you talk about, yet it seems insane to me to purchase a 2023 macbook air with only 8GB memory as a replacement to my current air.
Also, base models are not just about the price. Base models are, in contrast to built to order models, what apple produces in volume and keeps in store. That is important because on the day you need and decide to get a new computer, what's in store or available on short notice counts.
You make it out to be about price, but consider that a base model can be bought today and a built to order can take weeks to arrive. When the base model is poorly equipped, the buyer is presented with the options of either get a too weak machine today or wait. This pushes many buyers into a too weak model, not the pricing.