Actually, Apple's first wireless keyboard (2003) required 4 batteries.
The 3-battery was a complete redesign in 2007, then followed in 2009 with a small change. 2-battery model is the newest, and requires a minimum OS X 10.5.8
And, a slight update in 2011 changes the Dashboard key to a Launchpad key.
So, I suppose you could look for that difference, if you want to only keep the latest model.
Other differences? Captain Obvious says "3 batteries cost more to replace than 2 batteries (assuming the same battery life)"