Measurement based reviews of the iPhone DAC since at least the 5 have shown it to be an excellent performer, often beating external "audiophile" options. It's flat and clean; there are no perceptible deficiencies in its ability to reproduce audio. The amplifier is not sufficient for high impedance headphones (a constraint of size and battery), but high impedance is not automatically better. If you really want high impedance headphones with an integrated amp, then you can already buy them, as you just pointed out.
Audio quality is not advanced, but interoperability is lost.