Just checking in for an update. Has it happened again? Did unplugging your power adapter help? The reason I ask is that I too have an Early 2011 MacBook Pro (15", RAM updated to 8GB, Crucial), and I recently replaced the HD with a SSD (Samsung 830). Somewhere in between, one of the pins on my MagSafe power adapter lost its ability to spring out fully. I would have to wiggle the connector to create a solid connection, and sometimes I would have to tap it so that the pin would extend out fully to make a solid connection. The times that I've noticed the high pitched noise, the connector was green, but both it, and the area it was connected to, were really warm (borderline hot).
The sound seemed to be emitting from where the SSD was physically located. Once I unplugged the power connector, the sound immediately went away. Most of the time, the sound did not return when reconnecting the power, but sometimes it would. I have since had my MagSafe replaced and have yet to notice the high pitched noise. In my experience, the noise was augmented by trackpad activity, specifically two-finger-scrolling. It sounded like white noise oscillating at a 64th note resolution at 120 bpm, kinda' clicking, but also pitchy.
At any rate, I hope at least some of this helps.